<h2>Incident Summary</h2><ul><li>About the incident: Two attacks on Muqasam Selahah bridge in Al Mahwit governorate.</li><li>Place of attack: Al-Ahjar area, Shibam Kawkaban District, Al Mahwit Governorate, northwestern Yemen.</li><li>Date: The first attack: on October 31, 2016 The second attack: on November 7, 2016</li><li>Time of Attack: The first attack: between 00:00 - 00:15 after midnight The second attack: between 23:00 - 23:30</li><li>Material damage: The bridge was partially destroyed and pushed out of service</li><li>Type of attack: Airstrikes</li><li>Weapons used: Unknown</li><li>Potentially responsible: Saudi-led coalition warplanes</li></ul><h2>Introduction</h2>In October of this year, Yemeni archive published a new report "<a href="https://bridges.yemeniarchive.org/">Attacks on Access</a>", documenting 131 attacks on bridges in Yemen between 2015-2019.Yemeni Archive gathered open source information available on the Internet that published news related to two incidents on the Muqasam Selahah bridge in the Al-Ahjar area of the Shibam Kawkaban District in the Al Mahwit Governorate within one week. The first attack happened on October 31, 2016 and the second attack happened on November 7, 2016. The bridge is located on the <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/313,+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%8E%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%86%E2%80%AD/@15.4594995,43.8641943,867m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x1603f9574ccd7761:0x2195bb35bc76d0c4!8m2!3d15.4606883!4d43.8618098?hl=ar">303</a> highway, which connects the Sana'a, Al Mahwit, and Al Hudaydah governorates.The attacks destroyed the bridge and forced it out of service, in an area that has not witnessed any clashes or military presence since the start of the war in March 2015. These attacks had a direct impact on civilian lives and necessary aid deliveries during the war. After the attack, residents were forced to build an alternative road adjacent to the bridge as there was no other road in the area.<h2>Background on Muqasam Selahah bridge</h2>The Muqasam Selahah bridge is <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/15%C2%B027'42.5%22N+43%C2%B051'31.8%22E/@15.461795,43.8593722,201m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x0:0x0!7e2!8m2!3d15.4617953!4d43.858825?hl=ar">located</a> in the Al-Ahjar area of the Shibam Kawkaban District in the Al Mahwit Governorate on the main road connecting the governorates of Sana'a, Amran, and Al Mahwit with the western coastal governorate of Al Hudaydah. Along the road to Sana’a, there are many small bridges, 7 km away from the capital governoate’s administrative borders that are extremely important for food and medical supply delivery as well as for civilian travel. The attacked bridge is located at a narrow road that has been built on a mountain in order to ease the passage and movement of citizens and goods between governorates. The area around the bridge is hilly and ​​ difficult to navigate as shown in Google Earth’s terrain view.<img src="/uploads/1_ed4bd34ac4.jpg" alt=""> An Image of the bridge from ground level via Google Earth<h2>What Happened?</h2>Open-source information indicates that the Muqasam Selahah bridge on the main road connecting the Sana'a, Al Mahwit, and Al Hudaydah governorates was attacked by several airstrikes with two incidents within one week between October and November 2016.<h3>The first attack:</h3>After searching for social media posts reporting of an attack, Yemeni Archive was able to find the first posts online alerting of the airstrikes on the bridge. One of the first alerts was a post on October 31, 2016 by the "<a href="https://www.facebook.com/ymnlive/posts/1300268953383671">Yemen Life News</a>”, an independent Yemeni news site on Facebook, at 00:15 after midnight local time, according to the results of the <a href="https://www.timestampconvert.com/?go2=true&amp;offset=-3&amp;timestamp=1477862115&amp;Submit=++++++%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE++++++">TimestampConvert</a> tool.<img src="/uploads/2_b916bc93ca.jpg" alt=""> A picture of the first claim by " <a href="https://www.facebook.com/ymnlive/posts/1300268953383671">Yemen Life News</a> " on Facebook about the incident.<img src="/uploads/3_7937b44d46.jpg" alt=""> The timestamp of <a href="https://www.facebook.com/ymnlive/posts/1300268953383671">Yemen Life News</a> post on Facebook about the incident using the <a href="https://www.timestampconvert.com/?go2=true&amp;offset=-3&amp;timestamp=1477862115&amp;Submit=++++++%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE++++++">timestampconvert</a> toolFifteen minutes later, the local source “Saddam Al-Sayyadi” posted on his personal Facebook account a <a href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1837438943164667&amp;id=100006957374194">picture</a> taken at night showing a crater, which he claims is on the targeted bridge. A few minutes later, the same image was also shared by the "<a href="https://www.facebook.com/WeenAlEnfigarAlaan/photos/1637788143181303">Where is the explosion now</a>?" Facebook page.<img src="/uploads/4_0d949875b5.jpg" alt=""> A picture of the local source “Saddam Al-Sayyadi” <a href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1837438943164667&amp;id=100006957374194">post</a> on Facebook about the incident.On the same day, the Yemeni News Agency “Saba” published a news <a href="https://www.saba.ye/ar/news445392.htm">report</a>, mentioning that the bridge had been targeted by two airstrikes. The news agency additionally reported that the airstrikes destroyed the bridge serving the Al Mahwit - Sana'a Road.<img src="/uploads/5_b3fff9fd11.jpg" alt=""> A picture from Saba News Agency about the incidentAfter analysing the timestamp of the "<a href="https://www.facebook.com/ymnlive/posts/1300268953383671">Yemen Life News</a>” post on Facebook, Yemeni Archive was able to confirm that the attack occurred at 12:15 AM local time.<h3>The second attack:</h3>A week after the first attack, on November 7, social media posts, news websites, and TV reports stated that the Muqasam Selahah bridge was attacked again by several airstrikes. The first post online alerting of the attack was a tweet published by a local source, "<a href="https://twitter.com/AlmhdarAfash/status/795724636277325824">Al-Mihdhar Shafi Jrouha</a>," on Twitter at 23:28 local time.<img src="/uploads/6_fb88333606.jpg" alt=""> A screenshot of the first claim by "Al-Mihdhar Shafi Jarouha’s" on Twitter about the incident.About eight minutes after “Al-Mihdhar’s” tweet, a local source, “Abdullah Hizam Suleiman,” <a href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=581085225408341&amp;id=100005206055696">posted</a> on his personal Facebook account an image taken at night that allegedly shows a crater on the targeted bridge. Abdullah Hizam Suleiman also <a href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=581100422073488&amp;id=100005206055696">posted</a> another picture of the crater later at 00:46 AM.<img src="/uploads/7_16bb4ca973.jpg" alt=""> A screenshot of “Abdullah Hizam Suleiman” first post on Facebook about the incident<img src="/uploads/8_2feb679748.jpg" alt=""> The timestamp of the local source “Abdullah Hizam Suleiman” post on Facebook about the incident using the timestamp convert tool<img src="/uploads/9_305e99dacb.jpg" alt=""> The picture shared by “Abdullah Hizam Suleiman” on Facebook about the incident."Abdullah Hizam Suleiman" mentioned in his second <a href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=581100422073488&amp;id=100005206055696">post</a>, at 00:46, that the attack was an hour before he published the photo. Comparing “Suleiman’s” reported time with the <a href="https://twitter.com/AlmhdarAfash/status/795724636277325824">first post online</a> alerting of the attack (posted at 23:28), Yemeni Archive was able to confirm that the attack occurred between 23:00 - 23:30 local time.<h2>The location of the attack</h2>After the two attacks on the Muqasam Selahah bridge, several sources circulated pictures and videos showing the area surrounding the bridge. Yemeni Archive was able to analyze and compare these pictures and videos with satellite images to determine the exact geographic location of the bridge.Yemeni Archive used visual content from stills taken from reports on the first attack (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZkbbDTPDHg">Al-Masirah TV</a> Channel - <a href="https://www.facebook.com/abobasem.basem.1/posts/328437690852859">Amin Saleh Al-Qahali</a>) and second attack (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAP864IIWx8">Yaman today</a> TV Channel - <a href="https://www.yemenipress.net/archives/60731">Yemen Press</a> news site - <a href="http://www.alhudhud.net/?p=32594">Al-Hudhud</a> new site - <a href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=264144677316905&amp;id=100011641238398&amp;_rdc=1&amp;_rdr">Ahmad Al-Bajal</a> - <a href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1717368005247827&amp;id=100009239314307">Abu Muhammad Muhammad Musaed</a>).Yemeni Archive created a panoramic image, using the "<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZkbbDTPDHg">Al-Masirah TV Channel</a>" video published after the first attack, showing the geographic landmarks visible from the northern side of the bridge. These landmarks include a mountain range that matched with terrain level satellite images taken from Google Earth.<img src="/uploads/10_e446c7c05c.jpg" alt=""> A Panoramic image from the Al Masirah TV channel, and the satellite image via Google EarthTaken in the same direction as the Al Masirah TV report stills a picture was published on the "<a href="https://www.yemenipress.net/archives/60731">Yemeni Press</a>" news site showing a few houses in the middle of a valley, behind a large rock. Satellite imagery from Google Earth clearly shows these landmarks.&lt;Album images={[ { image: "/uploads/11_1_bf0776f226.jpg", desc: "" }, { image: "/uploads/11_2_48e3b78ff5.jpg", desc: "" }, { image: "/uploads/11_3_825612ebb8.jpg", desc: "" }, { image: "/uploads/11_4_79a01c7127.jpg", desc: "" } ]} /&gt;An image from the "Yemeni Press" news site with a satellite image from Google EarthAdditional landmarks confirm the location of the two attacks. As shown in the comparison below, a stone building further along the road is seen in multiple videos and images taken around the bridge.&lt;Album images={[ { image: "/uploads/12_1_7510e87be9.jpg", desc: "" }, { image: "/uploads/12_2_9b58c0e21f.jpg", desc: "" }, { image: "/uploads/12_3_fbc5291c06.jpg", desc: "" } ]} /&gt;Sources of the stills (Amin Saleh Al-Qahali - Yaman Today TV channel - Al-Masirah TV)From the opposite direction of the stone strcuture, other matching landmarks can be seen in the videos and pictures posted by <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAP864IIWx8">Yaman Today TV Channel</a>, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1717368005247827&amp;id=100009239314307">Abu Muhammad Muhammed Musaed</a>, and <a href="http://www.alhudhud.net/?p=32594">Al-Hudhud news site</a>. As shown in the comparison below, a small rockside on the side of a mountain adjacent to the bridge is seen in multiple pieces of media posted online further corroborating the identified location of the bridge.&lt;Album images={[ { image: "/uploads/13_1_925818a930.jpg", desc: "" }, { image: "/uploads/13_2_0b1f0be413.jpg", desc: "" } ]} /&gt;Sources of the stills (Yaman Today TV channel - Abu Muhammad Muhammed Musaed - Al-Hudhud news site)After analyzing geographic landmarks and matching them with satellite imagery from Google Earth, Yemeni Archive was able to geolocate the images and videos posted online showing the aftermath of the attack and determined the location of the attack to be at the coordinates <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/15%C2%B027'42.5%22N+43%C2%B051'31.8%22E/@15.461795,43.8593722,201m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x0:0x0!7e2!8m2!3d15.4617953!4d43.858825?hl=ar">15.461795, 43.858825</a><img src="/uploads/14_7ec12f41b1.jpg" alt=""> A satellite image via Google Earth showing the location of the attack<h2>Damage analysis</h2><h3>The first attack:</h3>By the afternoon, <a href="https://twitter.com/almasirahnet/status/793175137155682304">Al MasirahTV</a> published a video <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZkbbDTPDHg">report</a> on their YouTube channel, showing the scenes of destruction on the bridge. A local source, "<a href="https://www.facebook.com/abobasem.basem.1/posts/328437690852859">Amin Saleh Al-Qahhali</a>," also posted photos and a video of the damaged bridge on his personal Facebook account. Yemeni Archive was able to match the picture taken at night with ones taken during the day.&lt;Album images={[ { image: "/uploads/15_1_182ecd4e34.jpg", desc: "" }, { image: "/uploads/15_2_6ae757f142.jpg", desc: "" }, { image: "/uploads/15_3_6650823372.jpg", desc: "" } ]} /&gt;Several images shared by the two local sources "Saddam Al-Sayyadi" and "Amin Saleh Al-Qahali" on Facebook, and a still image from the "Al-Masirah" TV report<h3>The second attack:</h3>Taken at a different angle, the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=581100422073488&amp;id=100005206055696">image</a> shared by “Abdullah Hizam Suleiman” on Facebook was identical to the <a href="https://www.yemenipress.net/archives/60731">picture</a> published by the "Yemen Press" news site the following day as the comparison below shows.<img src="/uploads/16_b6d5011493.jpg" alt=""> A picture shared by “Abdullah Hizam Suleiman on Facebook and a picture shared by Yemen press news siteThere was no information, in the open source content published after the two attacks, on civilian casualties caused by the airstrikes.The impact of the attack was limited to the damage on the bridge's structure, which had two craters of varying size. One crater had a radius of approximately 1.5 meters, and the other crater had a radius of approximately 0,6 meters from the 8 meters width of the bridge. This means that the bridge was partially destroyed and subsequently out of service, preventing the passage of large trucks across the bridge. However, given the severe extent of the damage, small vehicles were still able to pass across the bridge, but with great difficulty, causing severe congestion as is shown in several videos taken after the bombing.<img src="/uploads/17_e2ae8ab88f.jpg" alt=""> Collage stills from the "Ahmed El-Bagel" <a href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=264144677316905&amp;id=100011641238398&amp;_rdc=1&amp;_rdr">video</a><img src="/uploads/18_7fd793f1cb.jpg" alt=""> The Google Earth distance measuring toolGoogle Earth satellite images of the Muqasam Selahah bridge from before and after the attack, show an alternative road and bridge constructed next to the Muqasam Selahah bridge.<h2>Munitions used in the attack</h2>"Al-Masirah TV " <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZkbbDTPDHg">video</a> report, taken after the first attack on the bridge, showed people from the area carrying the remnants of the munition allegedly used in the attack. However, given the limited imagery, Yemeni Archive was unable to find clear evidence to determine the exact type of ammunition used in the attack.&lt;Album images={[ { image: "/uploads/19_1_db5454bac5.jpg", desc: "" }, { image: "/uploads/19_2_af9dc5fbe9.jpg", desc: "" }, { image: "/uploads/19_3_982524e1ad.jpg", desc: "" } ]} /&gt;&nbsp;Stills from Al-Masirah TV video reportNevertheless, by analyzing the munition pieces from the first attack and the damage caused by the second attack, It is likely that the attack was carried out by Saudi-led coalition warplanes.<h2>Conclusion</h2>After verifying and analyzing open source information, the Yemeni Archive team concluded that Saudi-led coalition warplanes carried out two attacks, the first one at midnight on October 31 and the second around an hour before midnight on November 7, 2016, on the Muqasam Selahah bridge in the Al Mahwit Governorate, which is located on the main road connecting the governorates of Sana'a, Amran, and Al Mahwit with the western coastal governorate of Al Hudaydah. The attacks destroyed the bridge forcing it out of service and cutting off the road to large trucks.

Attacks on Muqasam Selahah bridge in the Al Mahwit Governorate

INVESTIGATIONS

Attacks on Muqasam Selahah bridge in the Al Mahwit Governorate

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.css-68jq5d{padding-bottom:1.45rem;color:#ffffff;-webkit-transition:0.25s;transition:0.25s;}.css-68jq5d:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}INVESTIGATIONS

Attacks on Muqasam Selahah bridge in the Al Mahwit Governorate

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INVESTIGATIONS